Nuclear Iran Essay

IRAN HAS THE RIGHT TO ENRICH URANIUM The Iranian atomic program was started decades prior yet for certain years it has been pulling in discussion and discussion on worldwide gatherings. This exploration article will be contacting the two sides of the discussion and clarify how the entire undertaking has advanced after some time. Countries disparaging of any atomic improvement in Iran see it as a danger to harmony and soundness on the planet. Anyway Iran keeps up an alternate however principled position on this issue. Based on the United Nations Charter of 1945, Iran considers it as its privilege as a sovereign state to seek after its craving of advancing uranium and unquestionably doesn't see itself as obligated to look for approval of its activities from some other state or association. With these words to help the case of this paper, the Islamic Republic of Iran is completely sovereign in its choice to enhance uranium and acquire atomic innovation. History of Iranian endeavors for accomplishing uranium-enhancement and atomic innovation returns five decades, when the Shah of Iran Raza Shah Pahlavi came into power during the 1950s. The King of Iran imagined that as oil saves were in the long run going to run out so the requirement for an elective wellspring of fuel was basic for what's to come. A common atomic collaboration bargain was marked with the United States of America (USA) under the name of Atoms for Peace program. This prompted the foundation of the Tehran Nuclear Research Center (TNRC) in 1967, run by the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. The accompanying barely any years saw the brilliant time of global relations of Iran with the western world. Exchange understandings were marked and numerous European nations demonstrated a ton of enthusiasm for the advancement of its atomic innovation. The US reaction to the entire circumstance was over-whelming and other created nations took action accordingly. The principal atomi c reactor was set up at Bushehr and atomic fuel was furnished alongside the important gear to assist Iran with beginning its atomic examination. Iran marked the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1968 and was along these lines subject to checks from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Political scene changed unexpectedly and Iran experienced the Islamic Revolution in 1979. The legislature of Raza Shah was ousted and Ayatollah Khomeini turned into the profound pioneer of recently discovered Islamic Republic. The most loved of the western world, Raza Shah was no more in power and that left the western world with no enthusiasm for Iran. The counter US notion in Iran developed to a boundless degree that US-Iran ties were cut off at all levels. US pulled out of the atomic participation manage Iran and numerous nations including France and Germany followed the US. All arrangements and binds with other European nations additionally stopped. All understandings stayed unfulfilled the same number of nations, including the US, that had gotten installments in return for atomic fuel and innovation participation would not take care of. Iran felt that it was being cheated as it needed to for all intents and purposes hold every one of its endeavors for improving uranium. The instability in worldwide concurrences with the western forces got uncovered and Iranian government chose to proceed the country’s atomic adva ncement program with assistance from nations other than the West and kept on doing as such till date in spite of inconvenience of assents and embargoes by the West. The as a matter of first importance guarantee on the side of the Iranian quest for atomic improvement is the privilege of each sovereign country to run itself and attempt any formative projects it thinks about best for itself, under its own locale, as said in the UN Charter. â€Å"The Organization depends on the guideline of the sovereign uniformity of all its Members.† [Charter of the United Nations Art. 2(1)] The above obviously underlines without a doubt the privilege of each sovereign state under the limit of worldwide law, to deal with its issues the manner in which it appears to be suitable. What's more, further worrying on it, the UN Charter unmistakably specifies in Article 2 (7) that no other state or global office will be approved to mediate in issues of residential locale of some other state and proceeds to state that no state will be permitted to submit such issues to the UN under the current Charter. Hence it obviously shows that Iran is doing nothing incorrectly or for the reality, not much. What Iran is attempting to accomplish is nothing less of what the â€Å"club† of created countries has just accomplished and today stand glad for their accomplishments on the world stage. The principle target of Iran for advancing uranium is to produce power and rely less upon its oil holds. Iran began the task of developingâ nuclear innovation to fulfill its developing needs of vitality through dependence on cleaner, increasingly productive wellsprings of vitality. Iran has kept up this situation on every worldwide discussion. US of America contend that Iran has tremendous stores of oil and gas and doesn't require atomic innovation for power age. An intriguing thing to note is that Russia and Britain, the two exporters of oil and gas, are producing power from atomic innovation. States like Bulgaria can have an atomic force plant however Iran’s atomic plant harbors so much debate. Israel will not reveal what number of atomic weapons it has yet one thing is affirmed that Israel turned into an atomic state with the assistance of the United States and keeps on staying away from the marking of NPT. Pakistan, India, North Korea, Israel, United Kingdom, Russia and t he United States all have atomic weapons and utilize atomic innovation for power creation. In the event that they being sovereign states can create atomic innovation for what reason does Iran need to be a special case? As found in the above passages, Iran’s quest for atomic innovation is its privilege and according to law the subject of permitting Iran to improve uranium or not doesn't stand valid. Anyway governmental issues follow an alternate example. The nation to start the atomic program and improvement of exploration in Iran took a three-sixty degree turn after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. US of America, after its particular utilization of atomic bombs, has had an incredible impact over the world network after the Second World War that totally changed the world elements. This additionally impacted the Iran-Iraq war that began in 1980 and kept going 8 years. Iran was assaulted by Iraqi military airplane and rockets, starting the war, which wrecked Iran’s atomic reactors in Bushehr. Iranian military was not excessively well prepared and Iran’s supplications for a conciliatory answer for this war failed to attract anyone's attention of the western world and the United Nati ons. The West straightforwardly upheld the Iraqi system all through the war and provided it with the most recent weapons. Iran battled for eight long years and discovered that the West couldn't be depended upon. What's more, as of late there exists a danger from Israel thus does from the US, the two of which keep on applying pressure, legitimately or by implication, on Iran to forego its quest for atomic innovation. The US intrusion of Iraq on the guise of finding and wrecking weapons of mass decimation was unmerited. This caused Iran to feel presented to the world network and it remainsâ committed to proceed with enhancing uranium and gaining atomic innovation. On the off chance that it accomplishes this, an atomic Iran will be sufficient to prevent any outside assault. A fascinating model is that of India. India turned into an atomic state in 1974 and from that point forward has declined to turn into a signatory of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The NPT denies its signatory states from making an arrangement on atomic innovation with whatever other express that will not consent to the details of the NPT. Anyway the world saw a dubious goals passed by the US Congress when it endorsed US-India Civilian Nuclear arrangement. The arrangement was marked by both the legislatures and any complaints voiced by the world network were unnoticed. Iran satisfying every global commitment in consistence with the IAEA and the NPT still can't seem to confront a wide range of obstacles as assents and exchange embargoes as it keeps on continuing with its atomic program and uranium improvement. The case of North Korea shows the contemptible mentality of the created nations of the world. North Korea professes to have atomic weapons and keeps up an unfriendly disposition towards South Korea. It is a signatory of the NPT and accordingly under assessments of the IAEA, anyway it has created atomic innovation to the degree that it can deliver atomic weapons also. US and other world forces have managed the entire circumstance carefully and even think of an arrangement for North Korea to surrender its atomic weapons. Opposing to this, the United Nations Security Council casted a ballot collectively against Iran that it ought to promptly suspend all its atomic projects. In the event that it does that, at that point the world forces consent to hold chats with the Iranian government. This brings up the issue that on what grounds precisely the western world needs Iran to leave its atomic program of advancing uranium. Iran may have numerous motivations to proceed with its atomic program anyway there is another side to the Iranian Nuclear Program. Pundits of Iran’s atomic program protect the position of the United Nations Security Council that Iran should check its atomic program and quickly stop the improvement of uranium. They eagerly contradict the possibility of an atomic Iran later on and consider such an improvement as a genuine danger to worldâ peace and insecurity in the bay area. They base their contentions on three fundamental issues that incorporate dangers of atomic multiplication, the beginning of a weapons contest in the locale and finally the expansion in threats in the Gulf area in the long run prompting worldwide pressures. The facts confirm that if Iran proceeds with its atomic program and can advance uranium for its atomic purposes there will be a danger of atomic expansion. In any case

Spatial Data Acquisition Essay Research Paper Title free essay sample

Spatial Data Acquisition Essay, Research Paper Title of Lecture: Spatial informations obtaining and framework shape: notes from the field what's more, the lab. Name of Lecturer: Philip Graniero Division of Lecture: Earth Sciences Date and Time of Lecture: January thirteenth, 2000 at 4:30pm Motivation behind Research Project: The essential plan of the endeavor is to use hypothetical record reproductions to compute spacial structures among grouped species in nature. By contrasting current condition of affairss and preliminary results, Graniero wants to hold the capacity to predict spacial structures for species in the earth. This will enable moderates and researchers the same to prevent specie disaster and to examine such nations as future home ground. Portrayal of Research/Technology utilized: Graniero? s first measure included mensurating the Earth? s geology, under the bedrock of the surface. This trial took topographic point in Newfoundland, Canada. To make this he took an arbitrary difficult methodology. We will compose a custom exposition test on Spatial Data Acquisition Essay Research Paper Title or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These techniques were tried at a thickness of 40 focuses per hectare. So as to pass on the most exact and complete informations to the plain cluster, such engineerings as traveling registering machines and GPS frameworks were utilized. The field wherein was being tried end up being extremely difficult to mensurate because of the changing framework and the appeal of physical asset. His point despite everything continued as before however, to take this data and run a hypothetical record that would empower him ascertain spacial informations on arranged species. The hypothetical record he utilized was known as Cellular Automation ( CA ) . The hypothetical records belongingss were as per the following: a limited arrangement of particular territories and a region entry guideline where the accompanying region is controlled by ; current cell area, regions of the closest neighbor, and the region of different beds. The hypothetical record worked in explicit stairss. Initial, a spacial development was fabricated. Second, informations was gathered from it. Third, the reenactment of various collection agencies were taken care of. Fourth, the hypothetical record data was contrasted with the conduct of existent frameworks. Fifth, the hypothetical record was rehashed with irregular starting conditions. A great many tests were done now. This hypothetical record is much of the time alluded to as a? down to earth lab? . At the point when the data was taken at the choice of every preliminary, it was sent to rewarding units where it was concentrated in the signifier of a matrix. These networks were so used to examine the spacial types of arranged species. Such future hypothetical records will be increasingly intricate and progressively explicit, hence demoing species home grounds and transitory propensities. Altering the factors in the hypothetical record can let researchers to m ensurate such exercises as the populace thickness of an animal categories. Through the analysis there were three test sets. These included populaces, bothers, and asset work. The asset spacial development other than differed from uniform, smooth, and? inconsistent? conditions ( earth and woods types ) . Choice: This data is extremely important to protectionists and society when all is said in done because of the way that it? watches out? for species that might be at serious risk and delegate the move starting with one region then onto the next over a given clasp outline. Leting researchers to foresee the home ground and thickness of species in given nations with such hypothetical records underpins universes discerning of the effect they may hold. This ensures the great beyond of species and guarantees that universes wear? T meddle with its home ground as great. In choice, the hypothetical record is extremely utile and as it develops and turns out to be increasingly refined it should end up being an important asset to ecological researchers. nothing

Leadership Challenges in Virtual Teams Research Proposal

Initiative Challenges in Virtual Teams - Research Proposal Example This conversation investigates that virtual groups have increased a great deal of unmistakable quality in different foundations because of the expansion of data innovation in business. Along these lines, medium, little and enormous associations may receive this way to deal with venture work contingent upon their objectives. This report descusses that The size and geological scattering of these organizations warrants unique consideration in the examination. These associations select virtual groups so as to limit cost and time wastage related with bringing all individuals from the gathering together. Now and then specialists might be situated in various regions, so virtualization permits experts to make their commitments across significant stretches. The technique additionally upgrades dynamic, efficiency and reaction times to assignments. It adds adaptability to the work procedure and achieves advancement forms transnationally. When creating applied understandings of an issue, these gatherings frequently battle to go to an understanding. It is hard to control and screen exercises in these groups. Such gatherings must finish on choices in an organized manner. The model is helpless against correspondence breakdowns, power battles and doubt. The separation between these colleagues makes difficulties in vent ure the board. Technophobia is a genuine issue for organizations utilizing virtual groups as is social assorted variety. Issues concerning peace promotion may likewise be troublesome in this set up. 2. Issue statemen

Women and Gender in the James Bond Films Essay Example

Ladies and Gender in the James Bond Films Essay The film business has been around for quite a while now, and movies are frequently are utilized to communicate society’s qualities, and standards as Wikipedia says, â€Å"Films are antiques made by explicit cultures.† thusly, films venture societies and as they are an amazingly well known medium as Pettinger says, â€Å"Cinema participation has kept on expanding notwithstanding †rising costs, on request TV film stations, the development of web film downloads, and the development of widescreen TVs.† Theodor Addorno states, â€Å"Where in the recommended that mainstream society is much the same as a processing plant creating normalized social products films, radio projects, magazines, and so forth that are utilized to control mass society into detachment. Utilization of the simple joys of mainstream society, made accessible by the mass interchanges media, renders individuals submissive and content† along these lines films act practically like a controller for society, to control the hordes much like the Romans had gladiatorial battle we have movies and media. Using film new goals and social procedures are anticipated to us practically like a concealed educational plan that depicts society’s standards. This connects to optional socialization where social orders esteems and ethics and anticipated or strengthened through film. In my paper, I will dissect the manner in which James Bond films use portrayals of ladies and voyeurism and sexual orientation jobs to keep up the prominence of the James Bond establishment. I will be taking a gander at the messages James Bond passes on to its crowd. Marxism is another predominant theme corresponding to Bond films as a film is utilized to bring in cash and ladies are regularly utilized in Bond movies to do this. Bond films are famously hostile to women's activist, this being an underlining topic in many Bond films. We will compose a custom article test on Women and Gender in the James Bond Films explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Women and Gender in the James Bond Films explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Women and Gender in the James Bond Films explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Some portion of the film is ones departure from reality this identifies with hyper reality-Jean Baudrillard; the James Bond film is a man’s perfect existence where lady are glamourized, and the male is prevailing with alpha male characteristi

How is Lady Macbeth presented by Shakespeare? Essay

How is Lady Macbeth introduced by Shakespeare? In what ways does she change through the course of the play, and how does this influence the audience’s reaction? Presentation Macbeth is a Scottish play composed by William Shakespeare somewhere in the range of 1603 and 1606 and the connections between King James and this catastrophe are clear. The subjects introduced in this play are aspiration, want, and progression to the tossed, dedication, request and insatiability. I will examine how Shakespeare depicts and presents Lady Macbeth through various stages and occasions in the play. Para 1 The crowd initially meets Lady Macbeth in Act 1 scene 5. She is perusing Macbeth’s letter alone. In the wake of perusing the letter she shows her considerations about Macbeth turning into the lord. The crowd is in a flash demonstrated that Lady Macbeth is eager, as the principal words she articulates seem to be, â€Å"Glamis thou workmanship, and Cawdor, and shalt be† This shows she accepts that Macbeth will be the thane of Cawdor. In any case, she portrays Macbeth’s blemishes just as his characteristics in negative and positive pictures, † †¦I do fear thy nature, It is too full o’th’milk of human kindness.† Woman Macbeth is stating that Macbeth’s thoughtfulness to others is a shortcoming in his tendency and character. Likewise, that it might antagonistically influence him turning into the lord as he isn't heartless. She says that this heartlessness ‘illness’ that Macbeth doesn’t have, saying Macbeth will accept any open door that comes his direction, however he just needs to win his distinctions genuinely. He needs to be above all else despite the fact that the royal position isn't his by right, yet he won't play dishonestly. Woman Macbeth concludes that she should assist him with finding the essential assurance. The crowd can see that Lady Macbeth is overbearing and eager. We discover that Macbeth’s spouse is ‘his dearest accomplice of greatness’. This greeting may recommend that he looks toward her for help as she has a force and matchless quality that he sees. She has control over him and he complies with her. Be that as it may, they do adore each other as is shown=== Q The chief depicts Macbeth as bold and decided as is portrayed before in the play, ‘For bold Macbeth (well merits that name †¦which smoked with grisly execution.† The chief gestures of recognition Macbeth’s brutality in fights since it has protected the legitimate lord and has demonstrated Macbeth to be steadfast. Woman Macbeth additionally concurs that her significant other is resolved and steadfast when she says, ‘woulds’t not play false’ (p.35, line 20) Be that as it may, she accepts that he is to feeble and kind and would not murder to get his direction. Para 2 In this talk in act 1 scene 5. An ambassador comes to reveal to Lady Macbeth that King Duncan will show up that night. Woman Macbeth is energized, considering this to be the ideal chance to make Macbeth ruler. She calls the spirits of dimness to remove her characteristic womanliness and to fill her rather with the most exceedingly awful of harshness, underhandedness and cold-bloodedness so she can assist Macbeth with submitting this demonstration. She doesn't need any normal sentiments of disappointment or still, small voice to impede what she expects. â€Å"Come, you spirits†¦ †¦unsex me here Also, fill me from the crown to the toe topfull Of direst cruelty.† Like Macbeth she solicits the forces from obscurity to shroud her contemplations so that not by any means the powers the powers of paradise can see through the ‘blanket of the dark’. So the genuine nature is covered. A seventeenth century crowd could locate this upsetting as she is undermining the characteristics and highlights of an average lady. Woman Macbeth would’ve been played by a man, in this way, this discourse would turn out to be all the more persuading and practical. Ladies in the seventeenth were typically generalized as protective, easygoing and smug towards their spouses. Though, Lady Macbeth is an atypical lady who orders her better half. The likenesses that we can draw from Lady Macbeth and the witches are revealed when Lady Macbeth utilizes the word ‘raven’ as the whiches additionally use creatures, for example, a feline and a frog. Para 3 Toward the start of the scene (demonstration 1 scene 7) Macbeth advises the crowd about his questions and fears which insult him. Macbeth persuades himself not to kill Duncan by giving three reasons, â€Å"First, as I am his brother and his subject, Solid both against the deed.† Macbeth is expressing that he is a steadfast dependent upon King Duncan. He additionally says, â€Å"Then, as his host, Who ought to against his killer shut the entryway, Not hold up under the blade myself.† He is stating that he ought to be securing the ruler as opposed to attempting to murder him. Finally, Macbeth includes, â€Å"Besides, this Duncan Hath borne his resources so easygoing, hath been So clear in his extraordinary office, that his excellencies Will argue like angels.† Macbeth’s heart is convincing. He discloses to himself that Duncan’s goodness and graciousness is with the end goal that his homicide would incite huge objection. Pictures of paradise and hellfire are linked†¦ Para 4 Toward the start of Act 2 scene 2 the crowd can detect that Lady Macbeth stands by tensely for Macbeth. Woman Macbeth is anxious and unsettled, â€Å"Alack! I am apprehensive they have awaked, What's more, tis not done: Th’attempt and not the deed Comforms us.† This discloses to us that she is exceptionally panicky and doesn’t need to get captured, in the event that she gets found her life being a sovereign will be destroyed. At the point when Macbeth shows up Lady Macbeth is extremely glad and realizes that the deed, â€Å"my husband!† she says. The homicide is finished and Lady Macbeth is diminished however Macbeth’s got an inclination he may get captured. Macbeth won’t reclaim the blades since he is embarrassed to such an extent that he has done the homicide and he can’t state, â€Å"Amen.† All this happens in light of the fact that Lady Macbeth disregards the principles of mankind and sorted out society, seeking after her own merciless thought processes. In any case, more than once Lady Macbeth gives the presence of being in charge yet she couldn't murder the ruler herself, guaranteeing he looked an excess of like her dad, † Had he not took after My dad as he dozed, I had done’t.† This sentiment of blame is a brief look at a progressively human side uncovered to the crowd. She, as well, appears to understand the misleading quality of the homicide. Very little later she prompts her significant other, â€Å"These deeds must not be thought, After these ways: in this way, it will make us mad.† Both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s character is diverse in this scene. Toward the beginning of the scene Lady Macbeth is anxious and doesn’t need to do the homicide, yet Macbeth is sure and does the homicide. After the homicide Macbeth is terrified and is in a daze of what he has done. Woman Macbeth has quieted down and recaptured her self-levelheadedness. Para 5 During the feast in Act 3 scene 4, Macbeth sees the apparition of Banquo sitting in his place. Woman Macbeth responds to Macbeth by discreetly blaming her better half for being a weakling, as she did at the hour of Duncan’s murder, â€Å"Are you a man?† (p.63). Woman Macbeth attempts to assault his manliness and perspective by addressing it, â€Å"Why do you make such faces? When all’s done, You look however on a stool.†(p.63) She is attempting to persuade Macbeth that there is nothing there. Woman Macbeth says all he needs is rest, yet this is amusing, as Macbeth has ‘murdered sleep’ and Banquo has ascended from his ‘sleep’. Woman Macbeth is attempting to conceal for her husband’s conduct. This conduct is making Lady Macbeth progressively unreliable and on edge despite the fact that she insults Macbeth, this time she is exhausted. As opposed to her amazing discourses toward the finish of act 1, here she just proposes that he needs rest. When the apparition has evaporated Macbeth communicates, â€Å"I am a man again.†(p.65) Lady Macbeth at that point expresses, â€Å"You have dislodged the gaiety, broke the great gathering, With most appreciated disorder.† (p.65) Most of the have is given to this impact. He is the best. We see Macbeth in real life, others remark on his rule of fear. Macbeth is best yet he needs to be sheltered ruler where he has nothing to dread and he fears Banquo a great deal since he is the one in particular that has seen and heard the witches disclose to Macbeth the predictions: †â€Å"To be in this manner is nothing, Be that as it may, to be securely accordingly: our feelings of dread in Banquo Stick profound, and in his regal nature Rules what might be feared.† Macbeth’s tells the killers that they were dealt with gravely by Banquo and this is an ideal opportunity to slaughter him, however Macbeth doesn’t need to engage in the homicide. He needs the killers to get the fault. The killers do whatever they are told: †â€Å"We will my ruler, Perform what you order us, Despite the fact that our lives.† This is an indication that being King Macbeth implies getting so much regard. In examination from the second he is delegated ruler. Macbeth executes a rule of dread that has just begun with the murdering of Duncan, together with his better half he is heartless in seeking after his own childish points. He sorts out the demise of those whom he se †¦ Macbeth: Lady Macbeth’s Character Woman Macbeth is a dubious figure. She is seen by some as a lady of solid will who is driven for herself and who is sufficiently shrewd to perceive her husband’s strenghts and shortcomings, and sufficiently savage to abuse them. They see her in her pledge to fiendish and in her acknowledgment that the obtaining of the Crown has not brought her the hapipiness she had expected, lastly, as one who separates nuder the strain. Others consider her to be a lady yearning for her better half whom she adores. She perceives the fundamental great in him, and feels that, without her, he will always lose the Crown. She aligns herself with the forces of obscurity for the good of he, however here inherent(congenital) womanliness beraks down under the strain of the unnatural homicide of

The Book Riot Podcast, #80 Snow Globe Consciousness

The Book Riot Podcast, #80 Snow Globe Consciousness The Book Riot Podcast, Episode  #80: Snow Globe Consciousness This week, Jeff and Rebecca talk about the National Book Award winners and Daniel Handlers racist comments at the ceremony, Penguin Random Houses digital conservatism, the Oyster Review, new books, and more. This episode is sponsored by Kurgo, Tryaudiobooks.com, Kobo, and Valiant #1. You can subscribe to the podcast in iTunes (click here) or via RSS (link here). You can also download a free dedicated app for iOS or for Android. Links discussed in the show: 2014 National Book Awards Announced Daniel Handler Makes Racist Remarks at National Book Award Ceremony Oyster launches The Oyster Review   Dan Harmon essay collection coming in 2016 CEO of Penguin Random House UK says readers don’t want subscription services Mike Shatzkin analyzes PRH staying out of subscriptions New books discussed in the show: A Modern Marriage by Christy Kidd and Mark Kidd Pioneer Girl: The Annotated Autobiography of Laura Ingalls Wilder, edited by Pamela Smith Hill ____________________________ Browse previous episodes of The Book Riot Podcast. ____________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every week. No spam. We promise.

Hastie Group Limited Company - 1925 Words

Hastie Group Limited Company (Term Paper Sample) Content: HASTIE GROUP LIMITED COMPANYBy:Course:Instructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Institutional Affiliation:City:State:Date:Risks To Be Considered In Hastie Group CompanyClient/Counter-play Risks-It's the type of risks which arises when the clients in which the company has extended credit to have defaulted to pay. The failure to payment can be as a result of the state that the client is under financial distress or when he/she is insolvent. It is therefore evident that when Hastie company have extended credit to the clients, and they have default, they will not be paid for the services rendered hence may lead to inefficiency and adverse effect on the financial performance and position of the Hastie Group. (Calder 2005). Also, there shall be additional costs that may be incurred. To counter this risk, Hastie Company must maintain a provision for bad and doubtful debts to cater for the bad debts that the company cannot collect from the debtors. The provisions are not created, and the co mpany incurs a loss due to bad debts then their financial statement will be affected. Thus, it will give a bad reputation to the investors who might eventually drive them awayRisks associated with project delays- Many a time projects experience start time or end time delays. It may be due to the changes in the scope of work, changes in the legal affairs, scarcity of quality materials, the supply of labor, natural disaster and delay in the necessary approvals. There are costs embedded in these delays since Hastie Company can also be affected by this uncertainty; they can incur a very high cost that can be very hard to recover. It can lead to the liquidation of the company if not put into check. Thus, it can lead to loss of confidence from the investors to the company at large.Litigation and legal risks-These are risks that are associated with the laws and policies in which the business is incorporated. Hastie group is exposed to a variety of legal risks which includes litigation and disputes. These risks are very vital to the clients who have carried defective work potentiality and consequences in which the company becomes liable when the insurance third party policy is used. The risks can be managed by maintaining an appropriate level of indemnity insurance while at the same time seek to enhance efficient commercial practices. When these risks are not taken into consideration by the management, then they can adversely affect the normal operations of the business and eventually makes the investors lose trust in the company.Industrial relation Risks - These are risks that arise as a result of disputes of employees as a result of labor laws, industrial actions like demonstrations and strikes. If they all happens, the investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ capital can be put at risks and at the same time the company can run at a loss make it undergo receivership. On the other hand, he investors will lose interest in the company hence will not venture into the company.Reputation and relationship risks-A company that has a goodwill always attract more investors unto it. When a company has a bad image, no investor will be interested in investing his/her capital. Therefore, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s very important for the Hastie Company to keep in check all aspects to maintain a good reputation.Key financial risks that can affect investors and very important to Hastie GroupFinancial covenants- If the company experiences a continuous reduction in earnings and returns, they can be a force to breach the financial covenants they made with the stockholders. It can, therefore, force the Hastie Group to repay all the debt and cancel all its credit facilities. The actions can impair the operations of the company and hence drives the investor a way.Interest rates risks- The fluctuations of interest rate can expose both the investor and the company at the risk of financial loss. The problem, therefore, can be reduced by the company in the short or medium terms through hedging. Ha stie Group is doing this by the purchase f forward contracts and swaps I order to speculate and hedge for the future markets. The action gives the investors confidences well as the board of directors and key stakeholders of the company.Exchange rates risks- Depreciation or devaluation of currencies can adversely affect the performance of the business. Hastie Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s operation is not an exceptional in this case. Thus, investors should check keenly on the exchange rate figures which the company have used in the computation of forecasted earnings and the corresponding sensitivity and scenario analyses on the effects of interest rates before venturing into the business. The company should also take the role of hedging all the risks associated with the exchange rates in order not to make losses or experience a decline in revenue and earnings.Taxation risks as a result of share market fluctuations- The taxation rule both from the host country and the foreign markets can influe nce the returns of both the investor and the company. When the value of share decline, if the investor decides to sell their shares, then they might not get the par value. The factors that might lead to these fluctuations may include movement in the international share market, movement in the local exchange and interest rates and the investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ sentiments in both local and international markets.The underwriting risks- When the underwriting agreement has been terminated either due to a breach of contract or non-satisfaction of underwriting conditions then the risk of loss o the company or to the client arises. These might cause adverse consequences to the investors and the company at large.Analysis of the performance for the six preceding yearsThe net profit after tax have been increasing for the first five years then dropped in the sixth year. The first year they recorded 1.7% of the profit after tax margin. It has been increasing up to the fifth year where the company rec orded a margin of 3.3%.then in the sixth year the margin dropped to 2.4%.the drastic fall was caused by the increase in the tax expenses and bad strategies and assumptions put in order to control risks and manage the entire organization. Also, there was an increase in debt provisions and cost concerning acquisition of assets.Moreover, there are risks that can be able to influence the financial performance of the company. The main risk is the foreign exchange risk. The company is contemplating to curb this risk by the use of the forward contact or swaps. However, this hedging process does not cover the share capital, earnings and reserves of the foreign subsidiaries. Hastie company also have the plan to hedge more than 50% of the interest rates risks for two years and also hedge minimum debt repayment by 68% and debt repayment by 83%The value of the total assets increases from the first year all the way to the sixth year. Moreover, there was an increase in earnings for all the preced ing years, and also revenues did also show a remarkable increase. The increment is not being reflected in the final net profit analysis due to increase in the expenses which is recovered from the gross.There is an increase in both the profitability ratios and liquidity ratios over the period with the current ratio, and cash ratio increases over time while return on assets and return on equity also increases in the same manner.Reasons for the above performance * The Hastie Company Group have set various strategies that will help the control exchange rate risks and interest rates in order not to adversely affect the normal operations of the business. * Due proper financial recording that help them to evaluate the progress of the company. The development statement of financial position, financial statement and calculation of ratios help the company to know their progress in different departments which forms the company. * The company has introduced the provision for bad and doubtful de bts that can be used to cater for the clients who have defaulted payment. Evidently, this will aid the company if any case the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s defaulted payments due to bankruptcy or insolvency.it help the company to be run without any shock since the risk arising from the debtor is controlled. * There is a proper delegation of duties and programs to employees according to areas of specialization.it, therefore, will increase efficiency in the organization hence improves both efficiency and productivity of the company. * For companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s performance to incline as shown by the Hastie Com...

About the Civil Rights Cases of 1883

In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which had prohibited racial discrimination in hotels, trains, and other public places, was unconstitutional. In an 8-1 decision, the court ruled that the 13th and 14th amendments to the Constitution did not give Congress the power to regulate the affairs of private individuals and businesses. Background During the post-Civil War Reconstruction Period between 1866 and 1877, Congress passed several civil rights laws intended to implement the 13th and 14th amendments. The last and most aggressive of these laws, the Civil Rights Act of 1875, imposed criminal penalties against the owners of private businesses or modes of transportation that restricted access to their facilities because of race. The law read, in part: â€Å"(A)ll persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement; subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law, and applicable alike to citizens of every race and color, regardless of any previous condition of servitude.† Many people in both the South and the North objected to the Civil Rights Act of 1875, arguing that the law unfairly infringed on personal freedom of choice. Indeed, the legislatures of some Southern states had already enacted laws allowing separate public facilities for whites and African Americans. Details of the Cases In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, the Supreme Court took the rare route of deciding five separate but closely related cases with one unified ruling. The five cases (United States v. Stanley, United States v. Ryan, United States v. Nichols, United States v. Singleton, and Robinson v. Memphis Charleston Railroad) reached the Supreme Court on appeal from the lower federal courts and involved suits filed by African American citizens claiming they had been illegally been refused equal access to restaurants, hotels, theaters, and trains as required by the Civil Rights Act of 1875. During this time, many businesses had attempted to skirt the letter of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 by allowing African Americans to use their facilities, but forcing them to occupy separate â€Å"Colored Only† areas. Constitutional Questions The Supreme Court was asked to decide the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 in light of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Specifically, the court considered: Did the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment apply to the day-to-day operations of privately-owned businesses?What specific protections did the 13th and 14th amendments provide for private citizens?Did the 14th Amendment, which prohibits state governments from practicing racial discrimination, also ban private individuals from discriminating under their right to â€Å"freedom of choice?† In other words, was â€Å"private racial segregation,† like designating â€Å"Coloreds Only† and â€Å"Whites Only† areas legal? The Arguments Over the course of the case, the Supreme Court heard arguments for and against allowing private racial segregation and, thus, the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1875.   Ban Private Racial Segregation: Because the 13th and 14th amendments had intended to â€Å"remove the last vestiges of slavery† from America, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was constitutional. By sanctioning practices of private racial discrimination, the Supreme Court would â€Å"permit the badges and incidents of slavery† to remain a part of Americans’ lives. The Constitution grants the federal government the power to prevent state governments from taking actions that deprive any U.S. citizen of their civil rights. Allow Private Racial Segregation: The 14th Amendment banned only the state governments from practicing racial discrimination, not private citizens. The 14th Amendment specifically declares, in part, â€Å"†¦ nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.† Enacted and enforced by the federal, rather than the state governments. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutionally infringed on the rights of private citizens to use and operate their property and businesses as they saw fit.   Decision and Reasoning In an 8-1 opinion written by Justice Joseph P. Bradley, the Supreme Court found the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional. Justice Bradley declared that neither the 13th nor the 14th Amendment granted Congress the power to enact laws dealing with racial discrimination by private citizens or businesses. Of the 13th Amendment, Bradley wrote, â€Å"The 13th Amendment has respect, not to distinctions of race †¦ but to slavery.† Bradley added, â€Å"The 13th Amendment relates to slavery and involuntary servitude (which it abolishes); ... yet such legislative power extends only to the subject of slavery and its incidents; and the denial of equal accommodations in inns, public conveyances and places of public amusement (which is forbidden by the sections in question), imposes no badge of slavery or involuntary servitude upon the party, but at most, infringes rights which are protected from State aggression by the 14th Amendment.† Justice Bradley went on to agree with the argument that the 14th Amendment applied only to the states, not to private citizens or businesses. He wrote: â€Å"The 14th Amendment is prohibitory upon the States only, and the legislation authorized to be adopted by Congress for enforcing it is not direct legislation on the matters respecting which the States are prohibited from making or enforcing certain laws, or doing certain acts, but it is corrective legislation, such as may be necessary or proper for counteracting and redressing the effect of such laws or acts.† The Lone Dissent Justice John Marshall Harlan wrote the only dissenting opinion in the Civil Rights Cases. Harlan’s belief that the majority’s â€Å"narrow and artificial† interpretation 13th and 14th Amendments led him to write, â€Å"I cannot resist the conclusion that the substance and spirit of the recent amendments of the Constitution have been sacrificed by a subtle and ingenious verbal criticism.† Harlan wrote that the 13th Amendment did far more than â€Å"to prohibit slavery as an institution,† it also â€Å"established and decreed universal civil freedom throughout the United States.† In addition, noted Harlan, Section II of the 13th Amendment decreed that â€Å"Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation,† and had thus been the basis for the  enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted full citizenship to all persons born in the United States. Harlan contended that the 13th and 14th amendments, as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1875, were constitutional acts of Congress intended to ensure African Americans the same rights to access and use of public facilities that white citizens took for granted as their natural right. In summary, Harlan stated that the federal government had both the authority and the responsibility to protect citizens from any actions that deprive them of their rights and to allow private racial discrimination would â€Å"permit the badges and incidents of slavery† to remain. Impact The Supreme Court’s decision in the Civil Rights Cases virtually stripped the federal government of any power to ensure African Americans equal protection under the law. As Justice Harlan had predicted in his dissent, freed of the threat of federal restrictions, Southern states began enacting laws sanctioning racial segregation. In 1896, the Supreme Court cited its Civil Rights Cases ruling in its landmark Plessy v. Ferguson decision declaring that requiring separate facilities for blacks and whites was constitutional as long as those facilities were â€Å"equal† and that racial segregation itself did not amount to unlawful discrimination. So-called â€Å"separate but equal† segregated facilities, including schools, would persist for more than 80 years until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s swayed public opinion to oppose racial discrimination. Eventually, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968, enacted as part of the Great Society program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, incorporated several key elements of the Civil Rights Act of 1875.

Digestive System Explained Organs and Digestion

The digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. Inside this tube is a thin, soft membrane  lining  of epithelial tissue called the mucosa.  In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, the mucosa contains tiny glands that produce juices to help digest food. There are also two solid digestive organs, the liver and the pancreas, which produce juices that reach the intestine through small tubes. In addition, parts of other organ systems (nerves and blood) play a major role in the digestive system. Why Is Digestion Important? When we eat such things as bread, meat, and vegetables, they are not in a form that the body can use as nourishment. Our food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients before they can be absorbed into the blood and carried to cells throughout the body. Digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so that the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy. How Is Food Digested? Digestion involves the mixing of food, its movement through the digestive tract, and chemical breakdown of the large molecules of food into smaller molecules. Digestion begins in the mouth, when we chew and swallow, and is completed in the small intestine. The chemical process varies somewhat for different kinds of food. The large, hollow organs of the digestive system contain muscle that enables their walls to move. The movement of organ walls can propel food and liquid and also can mix the contents within each organ. Typical movement of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine is called peristalsis. The action of peristalsis looks like an ocean wave moving through the muscle. The muscle of the organ produces a narrowing and then propels the narrowed portion slowly down the length of the organ. These waves of narrowing push the food and fluid in front of them through each hollow organ. The first major muscle movement occurs when food or liquid is swallowed. Although we are able to start swallowing by choice, once the swallow begins, it becomes involuntary and proceeds under the control of the nerves. Esophagus The esophagus is the organ into which the swallowed food is pushed. It connects the throat above with the stomach below. At the junction of the esophagus and stomach, there is a ringlike valve closing the passage between the two organs. However, as the food approaches the closed ring, the surrounding muscles relax and allow the food to pass. Stomach The food then enters the stomach, which has three mechanical tasks to do. First, the stomach must store the swallowed food and liquid. This requires the muscle of the upper part of the stomach to relax and accept large volumes of swallowed material. The second job is to mix up the food, liquid, and digestive juice produced by the stomach. The lower part of the stomach mixes these materials by its muscle action. The third task of the stomach is to empty its contents slowly into the small intestine. Intestines Several factors affect emptying of the stomach, including the nature of the food (mainly its fat and protein content) and the degree of muscle action of the emptying stomach and the next organ to receive the stomach contents (the small intestine). As the food is digested in the small intestine and dissolved into the juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, the contents of the intestine are mixed and pushed forward to allow further digestion. Finally, all of the digested nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls. The waste products of this process include undigested parts of the food, known as fiber, and older cells that have been shed from the mucosa. These materials are propelled into the colon, where they remain, usually for a day or two, until the feces are expelled by a bowel movement. Gut Microbes and Digestion The human gut microbiome also aids in digestion. Trillions of bacteria thrive in the harsh conditions of the gut and are heavily involved in maintaining healthy nutrition, normal metabolism, and proper immune function. These commensal bacteria aid in the digestion of non-digestible carbohydrates, help to metabolize bile acid and drugs, and synthesize amino acids and many vitamins. In addition to assisting in digestion, these microbes also protect against pathogenic bacteria by secreting antimicrobial substances that prevent harmful bacteria from proliferating in the gut. Each person has a unique composition of gut microbes and changes in microbe composition have been linked to the development of gastrointestinal disease. Digestive System Glands and Production of Digestive Juices The glands of the digestive system that act first are in the mouth—the salivary glands. Saliva produced by these glands contains an enzyme that begins to digest the starch from food into smaller molecules.The next set of digestive glands is in the stomach lining. They produce stomach acid and an enzyme that digests protein. One of the unsolved puzzles of the digestive system is why the acid juice of the stomach does not dissolve the tissue of the stomach itself. In most people, the stomach mucosa is able to resist the juice, although food and other tissues of the body cannot. After the stomach empties the food and its juice into the small intestine, the juices of two other digestive organs mix with the food to continue the process of digestion. One of these organs is the pancreas. It produces a juice that contains a wide array of enzymes to break down the carbohydrates, fat, and protein in our food. Other enzymes that are active in the process come from glands in the wall of the intestine or even a part of that wall. The liver produces yet another digestive juice—bile. The bile is stored between meals in the gallbladder. At mealtime, it is squeezed out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts to reach the intestine and mix with the fat in our food. The bile acids dissolve the fat into the watery contents of the intestine, much like detergents that dissolve grease from a frying pan. After the fat is dissolved, it is digested by enzymes from the pancreas and the lining of the intestine. Source: The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse

The American Journey A History Of The United States

From the end of fifteenth century to the mid-seventeenth century, Spain, France,England and Dutch all focused on competing for colonies and trade around the world. Beginning in the late fifteenth century, a lot of explorers, conquerors, missionaries, merchants, and adventurers tried to seek new lands to colonize. Hoping to improve economic conditions in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, many Europeans sought new opportunities for trade and settlement overseas. Spain, Portugal, France, and England all want to grasp the political, economic, and religious domination in Europe, and their conflict also carried to the Americas (Goldfield, ed., The American Journey: A History of the United States, P4). Competition for land areas, settlement, trade, and exploration led to the growth of imperialism and the economic system of mercantilism. Spain was the first nation that colonized the Americas. Spain tried to find a way to trade with Asia in order to grow rich.Due to this important motivation, in 1492, Spanish authorities supported Christopher Columbus who wanted to find a new way to go to Asia by crossing the Atlantic Ocean to start his first voyage. Unfortunately, Christopher Columbus did not go to Asia, but he came to a new land now is called America. After 33 day`s voyage, Christopher Columbus and his sailors reached the Bahamas (Goldfield, P18). Moreover, they used about four months to explore Caribbean and visit some islands (Goldfield, P18). When the earlyShow MoreRelatedThe American Journey : A History Of The United State861 Words   |  4 Pages In 1860s, due to the fact that southern states desired to maintain the slavery while the North wanted to ban the slavery, then the Union which was leaded by Abraham Lincoln fought with the Confederacy which was conducted by Jefferson Davis, and the Union hoped to achieve a goal that preserved the unity. 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The Rise and Fall of Existentialism - 1287 Words

The Rise and Fall of Existentialism Existential literature often focuses on the personal journey towards existential awareness. Common themes in existential works, such as alienation and confrontation with death, often lead the anti-hero towards a climactic choice that defines whether they have reached true understanding. The themes within existential literature are reflected from the world at large, and the works themselves are a metaphor for a grander shift in Western philosophy. Intellectualism in post-war Europe had a sort of existential realization of its own, paralleling the experiences of its literary figures. The philosophy of existentialism had its roots in late nineteenth century philosophers such as†¦show more content†¦The existential attitude itself is not so much chosen as arrived at, writes Porfirio, ...the threat of imminent death... forces the individual to re-examine his life (88) The threat of mortality is particularly pungent in existentialism, because the philosophy strips away all dressings of an afterlife or the hope that any morality transcends existence. The night before Pablo is to be placed before The Wall, he re-evaluates all of the relationships, loyalties, and faiths that he had held during life and finds them all to be false when compared to the absoluteness of death (Sartre). When he finally accepts his lifes meaninglessness, he is rewarded with rebirth. War seems to have been a particularly strong influence of existential sentiment. Both A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway, and The Wall, by Sartre, were set during the Spanish civil war, and the characterizations reflect the fear and alienation inflicted by the senseless violence of the wars raging around them. Catch-22 was written about the absurdity of World War II, and even The Stranger was set in an Algeria torn by racial animosity. During World War II, the entire world was well acquainted with the senseless slaughter of millions of people, and the pervading sense of death helped a existential realization for our whole society. 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The-Impact-of-Mergers--Acquisitions-on-It-Governance-Structures Free Essays

958 The Impact of Mergers Acquisitions on IT Governance Structures: A Case Study Pauline O. Chin Florida Atlantic University, USA George A. Brown Technologies Consultant, Jamaica Qing Hu Florida Atlantic University, USA Chapter 2. We will write a custom essay sample on The-Impact-of-Mergers--Acquisitions-on-It-Governance-Structures or any similar topic only for you Order Now 32 ABSTRACT Developing information technology (IT) governance structures within an organization has always been challenging. This is particularly the case in organizations that have achieved growth through mergers and acquisitions. When the acquired organizations are geographically located in different regions than the host enterprise, the factors affecting this integration and the choice of IT governance structures are quite different than when this situation does not exist. This study performs an exploratory examination of the factors that affect the choice of IT governance structures in organizations that grow through mergers and acquisitions in developing countries using the results of a case study of an international telecommunications company. We find that in addition to the commonly recognized factors such as government regulation, competition and market stability, organizational culture, and IT competence, top management’s predisposition toward a specific business strategy and governance structure can profoundly influence the choice of IT governance in organizations. Managerial implications are discussed. Copyright  © 2008, IGI Global, distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. The Impact of Mergers Acquisitions on IT Governance Structures InTRoduCTIon The business environment has become increasingly complex and competitive due to the rapid advances in technology and globalization of the world economy over the last two decades. In order to survive and to compete on a global scale, organizations have sought to increase their market share through mergers and acquisitions (MA) both locally and internationally. In a publication by the Bureau of Census (2002) on mergers and acquisitions in over 41 industries for the year 1998, it was reported that there were 3,882 cases of U. S. companies acquiring other U. S. companies. These data also indicated that there were 483 cases of foreign companies’ acquisitions of U. S. companies at an estimated value of US $233 billion, and 746 cases of U. S. companies acquiring foreign companies at an estimated value of US $128 billion. The trend toward mergers and acquisitions has been clearly demonstrated within the telecommunications industry worldwide (Oh, 1996; Ramamurti, 2000; Trillas, 2002; Wilcox et al. , 2001). Over the last several years, telecommunications companies in North America, Europe, and Asia have looked toward acquisitions and mergers for their survival and growth. During the last decade there has been an increasing number of local and foreign investments in the industry (Oh, 1996; Ramamurti, 2000), due primarily to the deregulation of the telecommunications markets as well as the move toward total or partial privatization of telecommunications companies within developing regions (Gutierrez Berg, 2000; Melody, 1999). Foreign investments in developing countries within Latin America and the Caribbean have increased tremendously over the last 20 years due largely to changes in the regulatory policies within these regions. Historically, companies in Latin America and the Caribbean were owned primarily by the local states. This changed dramatically in the mid-1980s to 1990s as the increasing economic and financial demands on the industry forced companies in the region to look toward foreign investments in order to stay competitive. Gutierrez and Berg (2000) reported that between the mid-1980s to mid-1990s, 14 out of the 24 telecommunications firms in the region privatized their companies. This strategy is also credited with setting into motion the current trend in a majority of the region’s telecommunications companies toward increased partial or total privatization (Gutierrez Berg, 2000; Ramamurti, 2000). As a consequence of this massive privatization and merger-and-acquisition movement in the telecommunications industry, the role f IT in these organizations has changed significantly over the last decade. The traditional relationship of IT providing support services to individual departments within an organization has evolved into one where IT now plays a broader role in achieving the overall strategic goals of the organization via a focus on global enterprise-wide support that encompasses not only multiple departments, but often different countries and cultures as well. As a result, IT governance in the dynamic and complex business environment has been pushed to the forefront of critical issues facing the management of these organizations, in spite of the fact that little research exists on IT governance that attempts to identify and explain the multiple factors that may affect the choice of IT governance structures in the context of mergers and acquisitions in developing regions. In order to address these issues, this article examines the evolution of a governance structure within a global telecommunications network organization, based on a framework developed from the extant literature on corporate and IT governance theories and practices. The article addresses the general research question: In the process of integrating foreign subsidiaries into the host company, what are the factors that influence the choice of IT governance structure? The primary purpose of the article is to contribute to a broader understanding 959 2 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the â€Å"Add to Cart† button on the publisher’s webpage: www. igi-global. com/chapter/impact-mergers-acquisitions-governancestructures/9761 Related Content Information and Communication Technology and Good Governance in Africa G. Onu (2007). Encyclopedia of Digital Government (pp. 1026-1034). www. irma-international. org/chapter/informa tion-communication-technology-goodgovernance/11628/ Internet Voting: Embracing Technology in Electoral Processes Andru Riera, Jordi Sanchez and Laia Torras (2002). Electronic Government: Design, Applications and Management (pp. 78-98). www. irma-international. org/chapter/internet-voting-embracing-technology-electoral/9997/ Identifying Barriers to e-Government Services for Citizens in Developing Countries: An Exploratory Study Subhajyoti Ray (2011). International Journal of Electronic Government Research (pp. 79-91). www. irma-international. org/article/identifying-barriers-government-services-citizens/56100/ The State of Mobile Government in Turkey: Overview, Policy Issues, and Future Prospects Mete Yildiz (2008). Electronic Government: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 236-248). www. irma-international. org/chapter/state-mobile-government-turkey/9708/ The â€Å"Quicksilver Initiatives† as a Framework for e-Government Strategy Design in Developing Economies Kelvin Joseph Bwalya, Tanya Du Plessis and Chris Rensleigh (2012). Handbook of Research on EGovernment in Emerging Economies: Adoption, E-Participation, and Legal Frameworks (pp. 605-623). www. irma-international. org/chapter/quicksilver-initiatives-framework-government-strategy/64874/ How to cite The-Impact-of-Mergers--Acquisitions-on-It-Governance-Structures, Papers

The-Impact-of-Mergers--Acquisitions-on-It-Governance-Structures Free Essays

958 The Impact of Mergers Acquisitions on IT Governance Structures: A Case Study Pauline O. Chin Florida Atlantic University, USA George A. Brown Technologies Consultant, Jamaica Qing Hu Florida Atlantic University, USA Chapter 2. We will write a custom essay sample on The-Impact-of-Mergers--Acquisitions-on-It-Governance-Structures or any similar topic only for you Order Now 32 ABSTRACT Developing information technology (IT) governance structures within an organization has always been challenging. This is particularly the case in organizations that have achieved growth through mergers and acquisitions. When the acquired organizations are geographically located in different regions than the host enterprise, the factors affecting this integration and the choice of IT governance structures are quite different than when this situation does not exist. This study performs an exploratory examination of the factors that affect the choice of IT governance structures in organizations that grow through mergers and acquisitions in developing countries using the results of a case study of an international telecommunications company. We find that in addition to the commonly recognized factors such as government regulation, competition and market stability, organizational culture, and IT competence, top management’s predisposition toward a specific business strategy and governance structure can profoundly influence the choice of IT governance in organizations. Managerial implications are discussed. Copyright  © 2008, IGI Global, distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. The Impact of Mergers Acquisitions on IT Governance Structures InTRoduCTIon The business environment has become increasingly complex and competitive due to the rapid advances in technology and globalization of the world economy over the last two decades. In order to survive and to compete on a global scale, organizations have sought to increase their market share through mergers and acquisitions (MA) both locally and internationally. In a publication by the Bureau of Census (2002) on mergers and acquisitions in over 41 industries for the year 1998, it was reported that there were 3,882 cases of U. S. companies acquiring other U. S. companies. These data also indicated that there were 483 cases of foreign companies’ acquisitions of U. S. companies at an estimated value of US $233 billion, and 746 cases of U. S. companies acquiring foreign companies at an estimated value of US $128 billion. The trend toward mergers and acquisitions has been clearly demonstrated within the telecommunications industry worldwide (Oh, 1996; Ramamurti, 2000; Trillas, 2002; Wilcox et al. , 2001). Over the last several years, telecommunications companies in North America, Europe, and Asia have looked toward acquisitions and mergers for their survival and growth. During the last decade there has been an increasing number of local and foreign investments in the industry (Oh, 1996; Ramamurti, 2000), due primarily to the deregulation of the telecommunications markets as well as the move toward total or partial privatization of telecommunications companies within developing regions (Gutierrez Berg, 2000; Melody, 1999). Foreign investments in developing countries within Latin America and the Caribbean have increased tremendously over the last 20 years due largely to changes in the regulatory policies within these regions. Historically, companies in Latin America and the Caribbean were owned primarily by the local states. This changed dramatically in the mid-1980s to 1990s as the increasing economic and financial demands on the industry forced companies in the region to look toward foreign investments in order to stay competitive. Gutierrez and Berg (2000) reported that between the mid-1980s to mid-1990s, 14 out of the 24 telecommunications firms in the region privatized their companies. This strategy is also credited with setting into motion the current trend in a majority of the region’s telecommunications companies toward increased partial or total privatization (Gutierrez Berg, 2000; Ramamurti, 2000). As a consequence of this massive privatization and merger-and-acquisition movement in the telecommunications industry, the role f IT in these organizations has changed significantly over the last decade. The traditional relationship of IT providing support services to individual departments within an organization has evolved into one where IT now plays a broader role in achieving the overall strategic goals of the organization via a focus on global enterprise-wide support that encompasses not only multiple departments, but often different countries and cultures as well. As a result, IT governance in the dynamic and complex business environment has been pushed to the forefront of critical issues facing the management of these organizations, in spite of the fact that little research exists on IT governance that attempts to identify and explain the multiple factors that may affect the choice of IT governance structures in the context of mergers and acquisitions in developing regions. In order to address these issues, this article examines the evolution of a governance structure within a global telecommunications network organization, based on a framework developed from the extant literature on corporate and IT governance theories and practices. The article addresses the general research question: In the process of integrating foreign subsidiaries into the host company, what are the factors that influence the choice of IT governance structure? The primary purpose of the article is to contribute to a broader understanding 959 2 more pages are available in the full version of this document, which may be purchased using the â€Å"Add to Cart† button on the publisher’s webpage: www. igi-global. com/chapter/impact-mergers-acquisitions-governancestructures/9761 Related Content Information and Communication Technology and Good Governance in Africa G. Onu (2007). Encyclopedia of Digital Government (pp. 1026-1034). www. irma-international. org/chapter/informa tion-communication-technology-goodgovernance/11628/ Internet Voting: Embracing Technology in Electoral Processes Andru Riera, Jordi Sanchez and Laia Torras (2002). Electronic Government: Design, Applications and Management (pp. 78-98). www. irma-international. org/chapter/internet-voting-embracing-technology-electoral/9997/ Identifying Barriers to e-Government Services for Citizens in Developing Countries: An Exploratory Study Subhajyoti Ray (2011). International Journal of Electronic Government Research (pp. 79-91). www. irma-international. org/article/identifying-barriers-government-services-citizens/56100/ The State of Mobile Government in Turkey: Overview, Policy Issues, and Future Prospects Mete Yildiz (2008). Electronic Government: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 236-248). www. irma-international. org/chapter/state-mobile-government-turkey/9708/ The â€Å"Quicksilver Initiatives† as a Framework for e-Government Strategy Design in Developing Economies Kelvin Joseph Bwalya, Tanya Du Plessis and Chris Rensleigh (2012). Handbook of Research on EGovernment in Emerging Economies: Adoption, E-Participation, and Legal Frameworks (pp. 605-623). www. irma-international. org/chapter/quicksilver-initiatives-framework-government-strategy/64874/ How to cite The-Impact-of-Mergers--Acquisitions-on-It-Governance-Structures, Papers

International Outsourcing and Unemployment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the International Outsourcing and Unemployment. Answer: Introduction The identified study focuses on the current economic debate on whether Australian government should abolish the existing minimum wage as a part of economic reforms. Precisely, a number of economists and policymakers have advocated the burden of the system of discriminatory minimum wage pointing out the negative aspects of the system. The existing minimum wage arrangement in Australian economy states that an employer must hire an employee at a minimum of $16.87 per hour in 2016 (ABC News, 2016). Evidently, the restriction in employment under the minimum wage system arrangement has incurred the fiscal burden of the government. In the current economic scenario, many of the economists have voted for abolishing the minimum wage system. One of the leading points of the discussion is whether the minimum wage system is a job killer or job creator in the Australian economy. Since the inception of the minimum wage system in 1907, the system has been criticised for a number of times as it is believed that the system creates restrictions in employment. At the same time, the study identifies how the high rate of minimum wage can increase the rate of unemployment in Australia. Based on the studies and economic model of supply and demand, at the end of the study, the verdict has been made whether the government should abolish the system of the minimum wage. While the debate on abolishing minimum wage system continues, it is important to identify how the system affects the rate of unemployment in an economy. Evidently, based on the economic concepts and theoretical models, it is extremely difficult to accurately track the impact of minimum wage rate on employment status (Novak, 2014). In an economic research paper, David Metcalf stated that it is almost impossible to record the change in employment status based on the minimum wage policy of government as employment scenario reacts gradually in accordance with the change in the minimum wage rate (ABC News, 2016). In the long-term view, there are a number of other factors than minimum wage rate affecting the employment condition of an economy. From the research study of the author, it can be found that due minimum wage system, the employers want to reduce working hours for the low-skilled employees (Meer and West, 2013). However, the overall rate of unemployment will remain unchanged. In the context of the system of the minimum wage rate, the current unemployment condition in Australia has been elaborated to signify whether the increase in minimum wage rate has affected the unemployment. In the current state of scenario, the adjusted unemployment rate in Australia is recorded at 5.6 percent in July, 2017 (Abs.gov.au, 2017). The rate of unemployment is revised from 5.7 percent in the previous month to 5.6 percent as the economy has added 27,900 jobs. Clearly, the unemployment rate pattern in Australia remained over the mark of 5 percent since 2012. However, in a recent labour market reform, the Fair Work Commission increases the minimum wage rate by 3.3% from $17.70 to $18.29 per hour for low-paid workers (Hannan, 2017). In the meanwhile, employers in Australia have slammed the decision of the Fair Work Commission stating that the verdict will slow down economic growth (Hannan, 2017). Precisely, the outcome of the decision may contribute towards an increase in unemployment as well. Due to high rate of minimum wage, Australian employers will surely adopt the technique of outsourcing instead of hiring employees (Karp, 2017). Thus, the risk of unemployment will be influenced by the decision of high wage rate. Demand and Supply Factor in Labour Market By applying the theory of demand and supply in the Australian Labour market, it is important to note that the equilibrium wage rate depends upon the quantity demanded and quantity supplied of labour in the employment market. Currently, the increase in the supply of unskilled labours and fall in the demand is leading to a decrease in the equilibrium wage rate in the market (Basu and Felkey, 2008). However, the government of Australia is keeping on increasing the minimum wage rate by using its price flooring policy. Hence, an excess in the supply and fall in the demand can be evident in the Australian Market that has become a major political concern for the current government. A diagram has been presented herein below for better understanding: It can be seen from the above diagram that the current demand and supply in the Australian Labour market presents the equilibrium wage rate at We and equilibrium quantity at Qe. On the other hand, the governments price flooring policy increases the minimum wage rate to Wm that results in a fall in quantity demanded to Qd and increase in quantity supplied to Qs (Danziger, 2014). Hence, an increase in the unemployment rate can be evident in the Australian market occurring due to structural and cyclical unemployment. The International Monetary Fund presented a report on 2014 saying that the hike in the minimum wage rate impacts the employment of the younger population that makes up the large proportion of low pay and low skilled workers in the economy (ABC News, 2016). For instance, it can be seen from the ABS report that the youth unemployment rate in Australia has increased with the increase in the minimum wage rate in the last 5 years. A figure has been presented herein below for fur ther understanding: Recommendation Furthermore, a conflict can be seen between the Abott Government and the opposition regarding the minimum wage rate in the Australia Labour market (Novak, 2015). On the basis of the above analysis, it can be seen that the minimum wage rate impacts the employment level of the younger generation people and unskilled workers leading to cyclical and structural unemployment. However, it is important for the government to regulate the labour market in order to safeguard the rights of the low skilled people and younger generation who have lesser experiences (ABC News, 2016). Hence, the abolishment of the price flooring policy in the labour market will not be a good idea. In place of abolishing the minimum wage rate, the government can implement a lower minimum wage rate for the younger generation people and labour class people with lower skills to eliminate the issue of fall in demand and excessive supply in the market. Conclusion By considering the above analysis, it can be seen that the price flooring policy implemented by the Australian government in the labour market helps to safeguard the rights of equal compensation for the people. However, the increase in the minimum wage rate has emerged to be a major problem for the younger population that makes up a high proportion of low pay and low skilled workers. A drastic fall in the demand and oversupply of workers can be evident in the Australian market resulting from structural and cyclical unemployment. Hence, it is important for the Australian Government to introduce a lower minimum wage rate that is equivalent to the equilibrium wage rate in place of abolishing the minimum wage rate policy to promote employment and growth in the economy. References ABC News. (2016).Does the minimum wage increase unemployment?. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/factcheck/2015-03-12/minimum-wage/6290482 [Accessed Aug. 2017]. Abs.gov.au. (2017).Unemployment Rate Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6202.0?opendocumentref=HPKI [Accessed Aug. 2017]. Basu, K. and Felkey, A. (2008). A theory of efficiency wage with multiple unemployment equilibria: how a higher minimum wage law can curb unemployment.Oxford Economic Papers, 61(3), pp.494-516. Danziger, L. (2014).The elasticity of labor demand and the minimum wage. 4th ed. Bonn, Germany: IZA. Hannan, E. (2017).Minimum wage rise devastating. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/industrial-relations/minimum-wage-to-be-lifted-by-33-per-cent-to-1829-an-hour/news-story/ea540d229e58b82a4b41b07cb60957dd [Accessed Aug. 2017]. Karp, P. (2017).Minimum wage to rise by $22 a week after Fair Work Commission ruling. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/jun/06/minimum-wage-to-rise-by-22-a-week-after-fair-work-commission-ruling [Accessed Aug. 2017]. Meer, J. and West, J. (2013).Effects of the minimum wage on employment dynamics. 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Novak, J. (2014).Minimum wage is anti-jobs and should be abolished. [online] Canberra Times. Available at: https://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/minimum-wage-is-antijobs-and-should-be-abolished-20140512-zra8p.html [Accessed Aug. 2017]. Novak, M. (2015).Time for discriminatory minimum wage to be abolished. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/comment/time-for-discriminatory-minimum-wage-to-be-abolished-20150206-137pde.html [Accessed Aug. 2017]. Zhang, T. (2011). International Outsourcing and Unemployment in a Minimum-wage Economy.Review of International Economics, 19(4), pp.776-786.

The Picture of Myself Essay Example For Students

The Picture of Myself Essay When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how much Ive grown and changed; not only physically, but also mentally. Less than one month after this photograph was taken, I arrived at the in without any idea of what to expect. I entered my second year of high school as an innocent thirteen year-old who was about a thousand miles from home and was a new member of not the sophomore, but â€Å"lower-middle† class. Around me in this picture are the things which were most important in my life at the time: studying different types of cars and planes, following Michael Jordan s latest move, and seeing the latest blockbuster show like â€Å"Phantom of the Opera† or â€Å"Jurassic Park†. On my t-shirt is the rest of my life- tennis. Midway through my senior year at the special school, the focuses in my life have changed dramatically. If there is one common occurrence which takes place for every single person in the diverse student body at , it is that we all grow up much faster for having lived there. We will write a custom essay on The Picture of Myself specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I do not know whether this speeding up of the maturing process is generally good or bad, but I definitely have benefited. The classroom has become a whole different realm for me. Before, the teachers and students alike preached the importance of learning, but it was implicitly obvious that the most important concern was grades. At teachers genuinely believe that learning is the most importance objective and deeply encourage us to collaborate with each other and make use of all resources that we may find. In fact, in a certain class this year, my teacher assigned us to prepare every day of the week to discuss a certain book; there were only two require-ments in this preparation- we had to maximize our sources, gleaning from everything and everyone in the school, but we were not allowed to actually look at the book. As a result, I know more about that book than any other that I have actually read. It is teaching methods such as this which ensure that we will learn more. Indeed, this matter of â€Å"thinking† has been one of the most important aspects of my experience. Whether in Physics or English, I m required to approach every problem and idea independently and creatively rather than just regurgitate the teacher s words. In discussion with fellow students both inside and outside of class, the complex thoughts flowing through everyone s brain is evident. However, I believe that the most important concepts that I have espoused in being independent of my parents for half of each year, deal with being a cosmopolitan person. The school s faculty and students are conscious about keeping all of the kids attention from being based on the school. Every single issue of global concern is brought forth by one group or another whether it be a faculty member, publication, ethnic society, or individual student. Along with being aware of issues of importance, after attending my personality has evolved. First, my mannerisms have grown: the school stresses giving respect to everyone and everything. Our former headmaster often said, â€Å"Character can be measured not by one s interaction with people who are better off than him or herself, but by one s interactions with those who are worse off. The other prime goal of the school s community is to convert every single timid lower-classman into a loud, rambunctious senior. Basically, if you have an opinion about something, it is wrong not to voice that opinion. Of course, being obnoxious is not the idea. The key is to become a master of communication with teachers, fellow students, all of who are a part of the community, and most importantly, those who are outside of the community. .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 , .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 .postImageUrl , .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 , .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3:hover , .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3:visited , .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3:active { border:0!important; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3:active , .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3 .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0025e5278204424e39987e31b9e437b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: sonny's blues EssayI do not want to make sound as if it produces the perfect students, because it doesnt. But the school deserves a lot of credit for its efforts. Often, some part of the mold does remain. As the college experience approaches, I am still the same person, only modified to better maximize my talents. Although I still have some time to play tennis and see movies, perhaps one of the few similarities between this photograph and me now is my smile.